Operation Pedestal: the personal account of
P/JX 141451 Leading Signalman James Gregory Fern, D.S.M.
This short piece was originally written for his family after the
war; the document has been rediscovered
and
made available for publication by his Great Nephew, Adrian Fern.
"Pedestal" was the
codename given to the allied operation to attempt to resupply the
Island of Malta, it would employ the largest escort force yet
deployed for a single convoy. It was an operation that simply had to
succeed whatever the cost. It was therefore decided that only fast
(15 knots) merchant ships were to be included to reduce the time
exposed to enemy attacks thus improving their chances of survival.
On
2nd August 1942, I was in Portsmouth Barracks when I was told to
report to the R.P.O. at Portsmouth Station and received a ticket to
Liverpool. On arrival at Liverpool I was met by an Officer who took
me to the Docks, then found myself on-board Merchant Vessel
"DORSET".
My
job was to be advisor to the Captain for the purpose of manoeuvring
a group of Merchant Ships into various formations, course and speed
alterations, to avoid torpedo and air attack in the same precision
as a flotilla of destroyers would do, this being an extremely
difficult task with Merchant ships of varying speed and
manoeuvrability capabilities in addition to which Merchant Captains
had no experience.
We
sailed from Liverpool about 2 hours after I arrived on-board and
anchored off the Tail of The Bank in the Clyde and on 5th August we
put to sea and joined up with another 13 Merchant Ships and a large
escort of warships which included NELSON, RODNEY, EAGLE,
INDOMITABLE, 4 Cruisers and a flotilla of Destroyers. We immediately
commenced exercises in the manoeuvring mentioned above and the
secret orders were opened when we discovered our destination was
Malta, which at that time was dreaded more than the Russian run.
Malta at that time was on the point of surrender with only a few
days' food left, no ammunition and no fuel for their Fighter Planes.
On
the night of August 9th at about midnight we successfully formed
into single line and passed through the Straits of Gibraltar in
pitch dark without being detected by the Nazi spies on the coast of
Spain and Morocco, and at about ten o'clock the next morning we were
spotted by an enemy reconnaissance plane and at ten past one that
afternoon I saw torpedoes hit the Carrier EAGLE and 8 minutes later
she had disappeared completely, and for the rest of the day and
evening we came under a series of air and U Boat attacks.
On
the 12th and 13th we were repeatedly attacked by Italian High Level
and German Dive Bombing and Merchant ships were being hit one by
one. Two disappeared in massive explosions (all Merchant Ships were
carrying Shells for Malta's AA Guns, Aviation Fuel and Food).
On
the night of the 12th two Cruisers were sunk and two damaged, by
mines which had been dropped by aircraft ahead of the convoy, and at
dusk wave after wave of torpedo bombers came in and Nelson even used
her large sixteen Inch against them. Then, after dark, throughout
the night we were attacked by E Boats from Pantelleria.
At
about 9.30 next morning DORSET was hit in an attack which consisted
of a hundred bombers and I saw about five explode on the carrier
INDOMITABLE. DORSET was hit again and the Captain ordered abandon
ship at which time I was engaged in sending a long signal to one of
the Destroyers giving details of cargo and damage. Afterwards I went
down below decks to get hold of confidential documents, codes etc.
to make sure they were destroyed then returned to the upper deck and
Jumped for it.
I
was picked up by the destroyer BRAMHAM whose decks were Jam packed
with survivors. I then went up to the bridge and volunteered to
relieve the Yeoman of Signals who was exhausted.
 |
 |
The
M.V. DORSET under air attack, she was eventually sunk on the
evening of 13 August. Image © IWM (A 11173) |
The damaged tanker
OHIO, supported by RN destroyers PENN (left) and LEDBURY
(right), approaches Malta. Image © IWM (GM 1480) |
We
then went to the assistance of the Tanker OHIO, fully laden with 100
octane aviation fuel and lying helpless with engines out of action
and steering damaged.
We
took the OHIO in tow and the Germans concentrated their efforts on
the OHIO as being the most important target left and our tow was
parted twice by near misses. Eventually the destroyer Penn came to
assist and with PENN tied up alongside Port and BRAMHAM alongside
Starboard we continued at about 2 knots towards Malta which was then
about 25 miles away, but due to the strong tides and weight of the
OHIO we drifted into our own minefield laid off the approaches to
Malta. A Minesweeper and tug came out and we eventually arrived at
the entrance to Grand Harbour at about ten on 15th August to a
tremendous welcome from the Maltese who had lined up on the bastions
at Valetta and Cospicua and a Military Band playing us in.
In
November 1942 an Admiralty Fleet Order was received giving details
of Decorations in which my name appeared as having been awarded a
D.S.M.
Sometime in 1943, I can't remember the exact date; I was decorated
with the ribbon by Field Marshall Lord Gort, who was Governor of
Malta, at a public ceremony on the Square outside the Governor's
Palace in Valetta.
I
remained on the Island for two and a half years in charge of a watch
at the Communications H.Q. and we had a very rough time indeed with
hardly any food or anything else, but that is another story to be
told.
As
a matter of interest the Actress Dulcie Gray was one of the typists
I used to hand out signals to, also while having a walk round one
day in '43, when preparations were being made to invade Sicily, I
bumped into Ernie Haslam.
As
you know I came home in November 1944 and went to Buckingham Palace
in March 1945 and I can't even remember the exact date.
Incidentally, this has been recorded as the most heavily attacked
Convoy of the War.
The
cost:
Merchant Vessels |
Disposition |
ALMERIA LYKES |
sunk |
DEUCALION |
sunk |
DORSET |
sunk |
CLAN FERGUSON |
sunk |
EMPIRE HOPE |
sunk |
GLENORCHY |
sunk |
SANTA ELISA |
sunk |
WAIRANGI |
sunk |
WAIMARAMA |
sunk |
BRISBANE STAR |
damaged reached Malta |
MELBOURNE STAR |
damaged reached Malta |
PORT CHALMERS |
damaged reached Malta |
ROCHESTER CASTLE |
damaged reached Malta |
OHIO |
damaged reached Malta |
|
|
Warships |
Disposition |
EAGLE |
sunk |
MANCHESTER |
sunk |
CAIRO |
sunk |
FORESIGHT |
sunk |
INDOMITABLE |
damaged |
KENYA |
damaged |
NIGERIA |
damaged |
ITHURIEL |
damaged |
Award of Distinguished Service Medal promulgated
in Admiralty Fleet Order 5618./42—Honours and Awards—
“ London Gazette ” Supplement of
10th November, 1942
The Imperial War Museum has a Video MALTA CONVOY
that can be viewed on-line. Click
here to visit the page.
For more information about
Operation Pedestal there is an excellent
article on the World Naval Ships
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